Understanding Wandering Behaviour in Dementia: Prevention and Management

Dec 15, 2024

Wandering behaviour in dementia can be extremely challenging for families and support partners to deal with. Whether it occurs due to unmet needs, restlessness, disorientation or any other contributing factor, wandering can pose safety risks while also taking an emotional toll. However, with the right approach, you can learn how to safely support wandering in dementia confidently if it does occur.

What is ‘wandering behaviour’ and why does it happen?

One common misconception about wandering is that it is aimless. However, there is often a root cause for wandering, which also means it can be managed by identifying the triggers. For people living with dementia, wandering might occur due to unmet needs, confusion or the natural urge to move and explore. In some cases, a person may be searching for something familiar, such as a specific person, place or object. Feelings of stress, boredom or discomfort can also be a trigger for wandering

As you can see, wandering can happen for a wide variety of reasons. But once you identify these reasons, you can take steps to prevent the behaviour from occurring.

Identifying triggers for wandering

As we touched on, the triggers that cause wandering behaviour are varied, so it’s important that support partners and caregivers learn to identify them. One of the most effective ways to do this is to monitor any instances carefully and keep records to identify patterns.

Take note of important information such as the time of day, location and circumstances surrounding a wandering episode. If you begin to notice similarities or patterns, you can take steps to remove the triggers.

While everybody’s dementia journey is different and no person’s triggers will be exactly the same, below are some tips you can try if your loved one experiences wandering.

Create a safe and supportive environment

Creating a dementia-friendly environment has several benefits, including discouraging wandering. Confusion can often be a trigger, so consider these simple modifications to create a safe environment for your loved one.

  • Install visual cues, such as signs or photos, to assist with navigation.
  • Use secure locks on doors and windows, but without creating a sense of being trapped.
  • Remove hazards, such as loose rugs or sharp objects, to prevent accidents.

A safe and supportive environment reduces confusion and allows for free movement. The simple human need to move can often trigger wandering, but this may not be an issue if the person can move freely and safely in their own home.

Encourage meaningful engagement

Meaningful engagements and activities can reduce the urge to wander by providing stimulation and purpose. You can tailor these activities to your loved one’s interests, such as gardening, cooking or arts and crafts – whatever they might enjoy doing. Aside from providing cognitive stimulation, creating cherished moments and maintaining connections, regular engagement contributes to a more fulfilled and calmer life, therefore reducing the likelihood of wandering behaviour.

Exercising and maintaining physical health

Physical activity, such as light walking, yoga, or stretching, can play a key role in reducing wandering behaviour. These types of engagement can help alleviate feelings of restlessness, which may be a trigger for wandering, and they also help support a person’s overall wellbeing.

Regular exercise helps establish a routine, offering predictability that can reduce confusion and anxiety. Consider incorporating daily walks in a safe outdoor area or simple exercises indoors to maintain your loved one’s mobility and mood.

What to do if your loved one wanders

Despite your best efforts, wandering can still occur. It’s all part of the dementia journey, and it will look different for everybody. If wandering does occur, you should always stay calm but offer support quickly. Here are some tips:

  1. Search nearby areas: Check familiar places they might go to, such as a park or a neighbour’s home.
  2. Seek local support: Inform neighbours and friends, so they can help look out for your loved one.
  3. Redirect focus: Gently guide your loved one back home without expressing frustration or alarm.

A calm and empathetic approach to wandering provides your loved one with reassurance and most importantly, doesn’t create any more frustration or confusion.

Do you need support managing wandering behaviour?

At Group Homes Australia, we offer tailored solutions to help your loved one thrive in a nurturing environment that feels like home. From permanent care solutions to flexible respite, we’ve got options to assist at any stage of the journey. Whether you’re looking for guidance on supporting wandering or exploring care options, our team is here to help. Contact us today to learn how we can support you and your family on this journey. Together, we can create a secure and meaningful life for your loved one.

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